Thursday, September 25, 2008

Effects of Cystic Acne

Effects of Cystic Acne

Nodulocystic breakouts damage and destroy healthy skin tissue. Because of this, the likelihood of developing scars is extremely high. Picking at the skin and trying to pop cysts or nodules should be avoided at all costs. Doing so can greatly damage the skin, lead to scarring, and worsen acne. Aggressively treating this form of acne can help limit the severity of scarring.

It's also common for those with severe acne to have feelings of embarrassment, shame, and anger regarding their skin. Some sufferers avoid mirrors, or shy away from social situations. Acne can hurt the self-esteem, and may lead to depression. If you feel acne is greatly affecting the quality of your life, please talk to your doctor. Luckily, with treatment, most people find their self-confidence improves.

Cystic Acne


Acne, cystic on the chest

Acne, cystic on the chest

Cystic acne may occur across the upper chest as well as on the back.

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Solar comedones

Solar comedones

Solar or senile comedones arise on the face of the middle-aged and elderly. They affect areas that have been exposed to sunlight over a long period of time, particularly the cheeks, which may become yellow and leathery (solar elastosis). The appearance is also known as Favre-Racouchot syndrome.

The comedones may be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads). There may also be larger cysts.

Solar comedones are not related to acne vulgaris and do not usually become inflamed. They are however very persistent.

Solar comedones Solar comedones Solar comedones
Image from Dr S Janjua
Solar comedones
Image from Dr S Janjua
Solar comedones

Management

  • Wash affected areas twice daily with mild soap and water
  • Protect affected areas from further sun exposure
  • Keep out of the midday sun (stay indoors or seek shade between 11 am and 3 pm)
  • Wear a broad brimmed hat
  • Apply a broad-spectrum oil-free sunscreen to exposed skin
  • Apply retinoid cream to affected areas at night (this requires a doctor's prescription)
  • Apply light moisturisers if the skin is dry (dryness may be aggravated by the retinoid)
  • The contents of the comedones can be squeezed out gently using a "comedo expressor", an instrument which can be purchased at a pharmacy.

If these measures are unhelpful, the comedones can often be removed by cautery, diathermy or laser treatment. They may recur and require further treatment from time to time.

Dermatology - FACE: comedones, senile
© 2001-2008, DermAtlas

Acne Surgery

NYC Acne Treatment Center

I. Introduction:

Acne is the term for pimples and complexion problems which commonly occur in teenagers and frequently continue into adulthood. Pimples usually occur on the face, but may involve the neck, chest, back and upper arms. Acne is only a skin problem, and does not affect your general health. Acne surgery is the term which refers to several surgical approaches for removing acne lesions. These include opening up comedones and pimples by using a needle or small pointed blade and expressing the lesions with an extractor.


II. Treatments:

  • Removal of non-red or non-inflamed acne lesions differs from that of red or inflamed lesions. Open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads) are non-inflamed lesions. They usually cause little distress. These can be removed mechanically with comedone extractors and a fine needle or a pointed blade to open closed comedones. Such maneuvers are temporary, and new comedones may form to replace the ones removed. Removal of comedones should be done by a dermatologist. Retin-A is a medication which helps prevent the formation of comedones and is available from the dermatologist.
  • Incising or cutting open inflamed lesions for drainage used to be popular; however, with the introduction of cortisone injections, this method is used less often. Incising a lesion may leave a small scar; injecting a cortisone does not. However, the rare, large, deep acne lesions may not respond to cortisones and may have to be incised. Cutting open or incising large acne lesions is always done by the dermatologist.
  • Cortisone or intralesional steroid injection of a diluted corticosteroid into an inflamed pimple, leads to improvement within a day or two, with flattening of the lesion. Flat lesions are more readily camouflaged with makeup or a tinted acne lotion. Cortisone injection therapy is useful as the sole method of treatment of intermittent acne (acne that only flares from time to time). It is helpful as an additional treatment when acne is not adequately suppressed with antibiotics. Cortisone or intralesional steroid injections are always given by the dermatologist.

Cystic Acne

Nodulocystic acne

Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne affecting the face, chest and back.

Nodulocystic acne is characterised by multiple inflamed and uninflamed nodules and frequently, scars. It is more common in males.

Nodulocystic acne Nodulocystic acne Nodulocystic acne
Nodulocystic acne

More images of acne ...

Acne conglobata

Acne conglobata is an uncommon and unpleasant form of nodulocystic acne in which there are interconnecting abscesses and sinuses, which result in unsightly hypertrophic (thick) and atrophic (thin) scars. There are groups of large macrocomedones and cysts that are filled with smelly pus.

It is occasionally associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, a condition in which similar boil-like lesions and scars occur in the armpits, groins and under the breasts. Nodulocystic acne may very rarely be a manifestation of a genetic disorder, PAPA syndrome.

Management

The recommended treatment for nodulocystic acne is isotretinoin, which should be commenced early to prevent scarring. The treatment is required for at least five months, and further courses are sometimes necessary. Patients with acne conglobata often need additional oral antibiotics and intralesional or oral steroids.

When isotretinoin is unavailable or unsuitable, systemic antibiotics, and in women hormonal therapy, may also be effective.

Topical treatment is usually ineffective.

cne Acne Cystic (Page 1)

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Saturday, September 6, 2008

Acne Cosmetica

Acne Caused by Cosmetics

acnecosmetica.jpg

Common acne caused by hormonal changes and the excesses production of oil, is never initially caused by the use of cosmetics. However, cosmetics can already present acne worse and even cause the appearance of acne cosmetica. Acne cosmetica is the medical name for a common, yet mild form of acne that is directly related to the use of certain cosmetics.

This type of acne is recognised by the appearance of small, pink bumps that spread like a rash over the cheeks, forehead, and chin. Since the condition is directly caused by the use of certain make-ups, treating the condition is simple and effective, but you do need to determine which cosmetics are at fault before you can begin treatment.

Which Cosmetics Are to Blame?

Although many cosmetics, like foundation, moisturiser, blushes, and powders, are blamed for their acne triggering properties, it is actually the ingredients found in some of those cosmetics that are to blame. The biggest culprit is the oil that is added to many cosmetics to produce a smoother finish. This oil acts like the naturally occurring oil sebum and can clog pores and lead to the appearance of blackheads, whiteheads, and acne breakouts.

Another acne causing culprit found in many cosmetics is dye. Dyes, especially D&C dyes, have a tendency to clog pores and cause blackhead and whitehead breakouts. These dyes can also make common acne worse. While these dyes are most commonly found in blushes, they can be present in other types of make-up.

The final ingredient to watch for in order to avoid acne cosmetica is fragrance. Although the introduction of a fragrance to an item like foundation may seem unnecessary, many manufacturers add these ingredients to mask the smell of other ingredients or to heighten the pleasure derived from the use of the product. These added fragrances, like ambrette, musk, and bergamot, can cause allergic reactions on facial skin, irritate already present facial lesions, and increase the occurrence of acne cosmetica.

Treatment and Prevention

The most obvious treatment and prevention plan is the avoidance of acne inducing cosmetics. However, since the selection of non-acne inducing cosmetics is rather slim, and since so many women enjoy the blemish covering properties, and beauty enhancing properties of make-up, this plan isn't really the most plausible. So, if total make-up avoidance is not the key, what is?

You can start by reading the ingredients on your cosmetics and only purchasing those that contain the least amount of harmful ingredients. Avoid dyes and fragrance whenever possible and look for labels that state the item is oil free.

Your next step is to make sure that you keep your make-up and your face really clean. Do not apply make-up with a soiled sponge or brush, always wash your face thoroughly before applying make-up, and never leave make-up on for extended periods of time. If you need to wear make-up from sun up to sun down try to wash your face, remove the old make-up, and reapply after work and before heading out for the evening. And never sleep in make-up. This practice leaves the pores susceptible to clogging for longer periods of time and the oil that your skin produces overnight can mix with the make-up and make breakouts more likely.

Finally, if you are currently suffering form an outbreak you should treat your skin with an acne medication, like an over-the-counter treatment that contains benzoyl peroxide, after cleansing and before applying make-up. If possible, you should also avoid the use of any cosmetics until the condition clears. If that is not possible, then you should at least choose your cosmetics well.

Choosing Your Cosmetics Well

First and foremost, always choose a cosmetic that claims to be oil-free. However, remember that even oil-free make-ups usually contain some type of synthetic oil that keeps the make-up smooth but allows the manufacturer to boast the oil-free claim. Check ingredients and choose products that contain mineral oil, sunflower oil, or no oil at all.

Secondly, choose cosmetics that are labeled noncomedogenic. This label means that the cosmetic has been tested for pore clogging properties and has been found to be safer than other types of make-up.

Finally, choose make-up that is intended for acne sufferers since the ingredients in these cosmetics are meant to help clear up acne breakouts are usually less harmful on the skin.

By reading labels and taking some extra care you can avoid the harmful effects of cosmetics and reap only the beauty enhancing properties that you were originally after.

Acne vulgaris

The common type of acne is called acne vulgaris. It is a condition that mainly affects adolescents but may persist or even become more severe in adulthood. Most, but not all, acne patients have oily skin (seborrhoea).

Clinical features

Acne vulgaris may occur on the face, chest, back and sometimes even more extensively. Several types of acne spots occur, often at the same time.

Non-inflammatory lesions:

  • Open comedones (blackheads)
  • Closed comedones (whiteheads)
  • Uninflamed nodules (sometimes called cysts)

Inflammatory lesions:

  • Papules (small red bumps)
  • Pustules (white or yellow ‘squeezable’ spots)
  • Inflamed nodules (large red lumps)

Secondary lesions:

  • Excoriations (picked or scratched spots)
  • Erythematous macules (red marks from recently healed spots, mostly in fair skin)
  • Pigmented macules (dark marks from old spots, mostly in dark skin)
  • Scars

Individual acne lesions usually last less than two weeks but the deeper papules and nodules may persist for months.

Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris

More images of acne ...

Acne grading

Acne may be considered mild, moderate or severe. Comedones and inflammatory lesions are usually considered separately.

Many dermatologists assess the severity of a patient's acne more precisely by using a grading scale, such as the one developed by the Leeds' group. The inflammatory lesions are compared with a set of standard photographs to determine the grade, which may be 1 (very mild) to 12 (exceptionally severe).

In clinical trials evaluating acne treatment, the numbers of uninflamed and inflamed lesions are carefully counted at regular intervals. It is remarkably difficult to count consistently.

Treatment

Which treatment is best depends on the patient's age and sex, the extent and the severity of the acne.

  • Treatment for mild acne
  • Treatment for moderate acne
  • Treatment for severe acne
  •